| Product in database (reference) |
Explanation |
| Acrylic plastics: Acrylic plastics are hard plastics that can be shaped with thermoforming and extrusion (separate and combined available) |
| Polymethyl methacrylate production, beads. Polymethyl methacrylate is known under the trade names Plexiglass, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex) |
Plexiglas, transparent thermoplastic: beads made of MMA, which can be processed further in a later process |
| polymethyl methacrylate production, sheet. Polymethyl methacrylate is known under the trade names Plexiglass, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex) |
Plexiglas, transparant thermoplastic: sheets made from MMA, either by extrusion of beads or directly (average value of both taken) |
| Polystyrene (PS): Synthetic aromatic polymer, solid (general purpose PS, clear, hard and brittle) or foamed. Formed with molding and vacuum forming (hard) or extrusion (foamed) |
| Polystyrene foam slab |
Used for insulation, made from polystyrene scrap |
| polystyrene, expandable |
Styrofoam. Used for packaging, bowls, boxes, etc. Also used for insulation of walls, and for 'fundering' under roads |
| polystyrene, extruded |
Styrofoam. Used for insulation |
| polystyrene, general purpose |
Thermoplastic, uses include protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and CD and DVD cases), containers (such as "clamshells"), lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, and disposable cutlery |
| polystyrene, high impact |
Thermoplastic, hard material. Used in CD cases and razors, for example |
| Polyamide (nylon): Thermoplastic silky material that can be melt-processed into fibers (or less commonly into films or shapes). Nylon is generally a polyamide fibre. |
| nylon 6-6 (polyamide) |
Used in fibers for textiles and carpets and molded parts (condensation polymer) |
| nylon 6 (polyamide) |
Used in fibers for textiles and carpets and molded parts, and a reproduction of nylon 6.6 which does not violate the 6.6 patent. Nylon 6 is not a condensation polymer, but instead is formed by ring-opening polymerization |
| nylon 6, glass-filled (glass fibre reinforced) |
Composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres, commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction industries |
| Polycarbonate (PC): Strong, though thermoplastic polymers with high impact-resistance and low scratch-resistance, used for example in eyewear lenses and exterior automotive components. Usually formed by injection moulding or extrusion |
| polycarbonate |
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| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS): Common hard thermoplastic polymere, which can be formed with injection moulding or extrusion |
| acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) |
ABS's light weight and ability to be injection molded and extruded make it useful in manufacturing products such as drain-waste-vent (DWV) pipe systems, automotive trim components, automotive bumper bars.When extruded into a filament (gloeidraad), ABS is a common material used in 3D printers |
| acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer + polycarbonate (ABS PC) |
Not clear in which ratio PC + ABS are combined. |
| Polyethelene (PE): High variety polymer. Used for blow moulded or rotationally moulded components, sheets or foams are used in a wide variety of packaging applications, footwear, tennis rackets, fabric fibres, etc. |
| polyethylene, low density, granulate (LDPE) |
Mostly used for plastic bags and films, also widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles, tubing, plastic bags for computer components, and various molded laboratory equipment. Can be formed with extrusion, also but less often with moulding processes |
| packaging film, low density polyethylene (LDPE film) |
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| polyethylene, high density, granulate (HDPE) |
Much harder than LPDE (large strength-to-density ratio), used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes, and plastic lumber. Milk jugs and other hollow goods manufactured through blow molding are the most important application area for HDPE |
| polyethylene, linear low density, granulate (LLDPE) |
Particularly suitable for melting processes (making film), laos but less for extrusion. Mainly used for flexible tubing, but also for plastic bags and sheets (where it allows using lower thickness than comparable LDPE), plastic wrap, stretch wrap, pouches, toys, covers, lids, pipes, buckets and containers, covering of cables and geomembranes (LLDPE is produced at lower temperatures and pressures than LDPE) |
| fleece, polyethylene (Polar fleece) |
Used in jackets, hats, sweaters, sweatpants, cloth nappies, gym clothes, hoodies, blankets, and high-performance outdoor clothing. It can be made partially from recycled plastic bottles and is very light, soft, and easy to wash. Polar fleece can stretch one way but not as much the other |
| Polyethylene terephthalate (PET): Common thermoplastic polymer resin, used in fibers for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fiber for engineering resins. Usually processed by injection moulding, blow moulding or sheet extrusion |
| polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous (PET) |
Granulate, for further processing |
| polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, bottle grade (PET) |
Made from amorphous PET, with added PTA and other chemicals |
| Polypropylene (PP): Common hard thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications including packaging and labeling, textiles (e.g., ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, transvaginal mesh[1] and polymer banknotes. Can be formed with moulding and extrusion |
| polypropylene, granulate |
|
| Polytetrafluoroethylene - Teflon (tradename) |
| tetrafluoroethylene; SBK 308 PTFE, teflon (TFE) |
Is eigenlijk onvolledig: dit is de productie van de monomeer TFE, die moet dan nog gepolymeriseerd worden tot de polymeer (plastic) PTFE. |
| PFA (PerFluoroAlkoxy) |
soortgelijk aan PTFE |
| Polyoxymethylene (POM): POM can be formed into the desired shape by applying heat and pressure. The two most common forming methods employed are injection moulding and extrusion |
| Polyoxymethylene (POM)/EU-27. Plastics Europe (POM) |
Polyoxymethylene (POM), also known as acetal,[2] polyacetal, polyformaldehyde and bakelite |
| POM GF10: 90%: Polyoxymethylene (POM)/EU-27. Plastics Europe; 10%: Glass fibre [GLO] market for |
Polyoxymethylene (POM), also known as acetal,[2] polyacetal and polyformaldehyde + Glass fiber (10%) |
| Bakelite: The first synthesic plastic in the world. Usually moulded (compression moulding, which is not an available forming process) |
| Phenolic resin, production (Bakelite) |
Phenol formaldehyde resin (PF), or phenolic resin, is a synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. The plastic is used as the basis for Bakelite, which in turn is widely used for the production of moulded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives |
| Polyvinylchloride (PVC) |
| polyvinylchloride, suspension polymerised |
Most used PVC (80%). PVC suspensions resins (particles 100-180 um) are usually relatively dust-free and granular with varying degrees of particle porosity |
| polyvinylchloride, emulsion polymerised |
Less used PVC (12%). PVC emulsion resins are very small particle (0,2 um) powders containing very little free monomer |
| polyvinylchloride, bulk polymerised |
Barely used PVC (8%). Bulk PVC resins are similar to suspension PVC resins, though the particles tend to be more porous. Data represent a mix of the two other types of PVC (suspension, emulsion PVC), according to their production volumes, due to a lack of respective data from PlasticsEurope about bulk PVC. |
| Polyvinylfluoride |
| polyvinylfluoride |
This polymer is often used in raincoats, whiteboard surfaces and, due to its heat and fire resistance, in airplane interiors. It is also resistant to most chemicals (except ketones and esters). Resin is used for speciality coatings. It CANNOT be injection moulded, due to its insufficient thermal stability during production. |
| polyvinylfluoride, dispersion |
??? |
| polyvinylfluoride, film |
Polyvinylchloride film is often used as coating. |
| Polyurethane (PUR): Polyurethane consists of three precursors: Polyester-polyols, toluene diioscyanate (TDI) and dipheylmethane diioscyanate (MDI). A combination of these precursors determines the final state of the PUR. |
| polyol production |
Polyols are the largest group of raw materials from the production of polyurethane and they influence largely the final properties of their respective PUR product (Boustead, 2002). |
| polyurethane production, rigid foam (PUR) |
Rigid PUR-foam is used in white goods, insulation applications, buidling materials and construction. |
| polyurethane production, flexible foam (PUR) |
Flexiable foams are used for products such as: furniture, bedding, clothing and car seats. This dataset models the production of PUR foam from polyol and toluene diisocyanate. |
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| Process in database |
Explanation |
| Thermoforming, with calendering |
Same as normal thermoforming, but with a calendering finish (usually a lamination-like finish, but other finishes are possible). Predominantly used for PVC, but theoretically possible for all thermoplastics |
| Extrusion of plastic sheets and thermoforming |
Thermoplastic polymeric materials are heated (infrared radiator) in plasticised state, extruded, and thermoformed under slight pressure and cooled while maintaining the deforming force |
| Extrusion of plastic sheets and thermoforming, inline |
This service activity represents the inline extrusion and thermoforming of plastic pellets for the food industry. That is, it includes all interventions associated with the extrusion AND thermoforming of plastic sheets, inline.The amount of plastic pellets processed is NOT included. |
| Extrusion, plastic film |
Plastic granules are heated and compacted, after which they are extruded into films, pipes or other semi-finished products. During the extrusion method the finished products have a two-dimensional form which are continuous in length (LDPE, PP, PVC) |
| Extrusion, plastic pipes |
Plastic granules are heated and compacted, after which they are extruded into films, pipes or other semi-finished products. During the extrusion method the finished products have a two-dimensional form which are continuous in length (LDPE, PP, PVC) |
| Extrusion, co-extrusion |
Coextrusion is the process of pressing two or more materials through the same die to produce a single piece. |
| Injection moulding |
After extrusion most frequently employed processing method of plastics. Unlike extrusion, injection molding forms three-dimensional shapes (almost all plastics). Plastics are melted, injected and formed |
| Blow moulding |
Used for the production of hollow plastic objects in large quantities, especially PET bottles but also viable for all other thermoplasts. Plastic tube (usually closed at one end) is formed, heated and blown into its final shape. Extrusion blow forming is very similar |
| Stretch blow moulding |
Same as blow moulding, but the preform is streched before it is moulded, making thinner walls possible while not reducing strength. Used especially for PET bottles but also viable for all other thermoplasts |
| Compression moulding |
Not available in databases. Similar to injection moulding, but instead of pressing pre-heated melted plastics, the mould is heated to heat the plastics (Bakelite) |
| Calendering, rigid sheets |
The calender is a system of rollers. The plastic, virtually exclusively PVC, is rolled on the plastic state between two or more rollers to form a wide sheet of film with a calendering finish (usually a lamination-like finish, but other finishes are possible). Plastics which have a low viscosity cannot be processed on the calender (PVC). Calendering is applied when a smooth, flat surface is desirable. 1 kg of this process equals 0.977 kg of thermoformed, calendered plastic sheets. |
| Polymer foaming |
The processing of expandble PS (EPS) is a special variation of injection moulding. Foam is produced in the following three steps: Pre-foaming (the granulates, which contain pentane as a blowing gas, are foamed iwth steam to up to fifty times their original volume); temp. storage; and finally foam moulding (moulds are completely filled with foamed particles. (PS) |
| Weaving, bast fibre |
For instance, when using nylon to make bags ("jute zakken"), you can use this weaving transformation process |
